Sample Issue topic - 2

"People work more productively in teams than individually. Team work requires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individual competition does".

Sample writing:

The speaker is correct when he states that productivity increases when people work in teams. Teamwork requires cooperation and this enhances the motivation of people than individual competition.


In manufacturing industry, the production of product depends on a number of complex processes. A number of departments dealing with materials, technical services, finance, marketing and production have to interact and only after their cooperative work all the products roll out in time. When the operations involved are highly technical and production processes are complex, interactive cooperation becomes very essential. Even in the research organizations, researchers must collaborate to bring out the product designs. Here cooperative interaction will speed up the work. If individuals are in competition but without cooperation they may work in cross purposes and delay in schedules.


There are a number of benefits when people work in a team rather than individually. When people work as a team, their basic need of belongingness is satisfied. They feel secure and wanted by the members in the team. Good inter personal relations develop. This motivates them to put in more hard work to meet the goals and time schedule set for the team. When sales persons work as a team, each one tries very hard to meet the targets set for the sales of the team. Each one tries to help the other members. But if each one is competing with others in meeting the individual sales targets, the jealousies, back stabbing and other unethical practices will develop which will be counter productive to the organization. Even the best of leaders of industrial and business organizations acknowledge that without the cooperation of the subordinates and workers, they would not have achieved success. Thus, we can see cooperation and not competition as the key to success of organizations.


Cooperation is the corner stone for the teamwork and helps in several ways. It removes the bottlenecks and speeds up the processes. Cooperation also improves the morale of the workers. The inexperienced and trainees learn the work expeditiously since the seniors in the team willingly spend time to train them. Cooperation also involves encouraging others, sharing the burden, giving useful tips, and suggestions to other team members, and also looking after their security. The individuals develop camaraderie and interpersonal will improve. All these result in the increase of productivity.


But there are certain jobs where individual competition contributes to the productivity. Man by nature wants to show off as better than his neighbor. In the competitive world of businesses, one cannot lessen the importance of competition among the sales and persons to improve the sales and profits for the company. When there are incentives given to the individuals for exceeding the targets set to them, they compete to earn more by exceeding the targets. The leader or manager considers the usefulness of the competitive spirit and uses it appropriately. There are intra-team and inter –team competitions to improve the productivity. The leader or the managers should ensure that there is only healthy competition and it does not lead to jealousies and unethical practices. However, it is necessary that the cooperation among persons is maintained for the effectiveness of the organization.


In sum, we can say that the people working in teams where there is cooperation show greater productivity than those working individually and competing with each other.

Sample Issue topic - 1

"Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are"

Sample Writing:


The speaker affirms that rituals and ceremonies are needed for a group of people to define their culture and their identity. Without them the groups have lesser identity or altogether lose their identity. I agree with the author that rituals and ceremonies define a culture and give distinct identity to a group but they are not the only ones, which give identity to a group. There are many things, which preserve cultural identity of a group.

The purpose of rituals and ceremonies is no doubt to preserve the group culture. If we look at the tribal in various nations like Red Indians of the U.S.A or aboriginal tribes of various other nations like Australian aborigines or original inhabitants like Nagas, Mizos, Santhals etc of India or Khampas of Tibet, they have developed their own identity by developing some unique rituals and ceremonies. These rituals and ceremonies are performed when there is a birth or death in a family, coming of the age of boys and girls, marriages and betrothals, other festivals and worship of tribal gods and goddesses. These are outward demonstrations, which maintain the unique cultural identity of the group. Some groups have even distinct war dances and music.

In the present day, many nations and governments are making efforts to assimilate the tribal and other distinct groups into the National main stream. These groups are then in danger of losing their distinct identity. Many tribal resist this assimilation and want to preserve their own identity and culture by jealously safe-guarding these rituals and ceremonies. But there are some countries, where the governments are encouraging the tribal and other distinct groups to maintain their cultural identity by performing rituals and ceremonies within the national stream.

The origin of rituals and ceremonies was due to superstition and spiritual belief. Many tribal and groups were bewildered by the happenings in nature such as deaths, diseases, floods, eclipses, defeats, victories, peculiar weather conditions etc and attributed them to spirits and other supernatural beings as they could not find rationale for such occurrences. These groups must have felt helplessness for these happenings. Thus, a tribal priestly class has been developed to conduct these rituals and ceremonies and they had become the performers and also act as intermediaries between these groups and Gods. Even in modern days some of the rituals observe the rituals and ceremonies because of superstition and to appease the spirits.

But rituals and ceremonies play only some part in the distinctive identity of the group. Many tribals wear separate dresses, wear distinctive ornaments, use distinctive musical instruments and sing tribal songs of their own tribes. They have their own eating habits and also social behavior at gatherings of marriages and festivals. So they also preserve the group’s unique character.

In the case of religious groups, every religion has prescribed a distinct mode of worship, code of conduct and dress, beliefs, concept of God and a priestly class. Christianity has prescribed baptism and also other ceremonies for weddings and deaths. Islam has its own ceremonies and every other religion like Buddhism, Hinduism and Judaism have prescribed their own rituals and ceremonies. All these provide distinct identity to the groups following a particular religion.

In sum, we can say that every tribal group and other religious groups maintain their distinct identity by ceremonies and rituals. They also follow a distinct dress and life styles. Even within the same Nation, one cans see the groups following their own distinctive identities, which may be considered as sub-nationalities. The groups follow these ceremonies and rituals for Temporal and spiritual functions and these serve as the means for preserving cultural identity of the groups.